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I hope that most people who join a lottery understand that there is no guarantee that they will win. They also accept that someone may win twice, three or even more before they themselves win.

The whole point is that it should be random, and therefore someone can win for example in consecutive months. What I hoped to show was that over the long term, the selection was fair, and it seems to have done so.

I posted this same message on a Statistics site, and got the response below as an answer, which seems to confirm my figures are indeed random.

Your approach actually was excellent. Most people take for granted that what a computer gives them is valid, but you should be commended for your approach to checking it.

Here’s what you can do to see if your results depart from what can be attributed to chance (I assume you did this in Excel).

For each “bin” result (i.e., the number of occurrences for each of the possible 211 outcomes), subtract the mean from it, square this result, then divide it by the mean. Then add up all of these quantities. Basically the formula looks like this:

((O-E)^2 / E)

where E is the expected, or mean frequency, and O is the observed frequency. You are running a chi-square test on your frequencies to see if they are close enough to a “random” outcome.

Now run the Excel function CHIDIST, with the two arguments for the function:

– the sum of all the ((O-E)^2 / E) quantities
– degrees of freedom = 210, which is the number of bins minus 1

Generally, if the return value or answer for the function is .05 or greater, than you can call your results “random.”

Remember, however, that computer-generated random numbers are actually “pseudo-random,” meaning that they are determined by a computer algorithm, and they actually have a periodicity to them (the pattern will eventually go back to the beginning and repeat itself). However, this periodicity is usually in the billions, and will probably never occur under normal circumstances.

Hi

Thanks for the comments.

I took a look at the site, but its well beyond my capabilities.

Interesting thought tho to allocate in turn. Kinda takes the fun away.

HI Charlotte

Thanks for the feedback. Is there a way to do this in code?

Colin

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Colin McDonald
colinmac@blueyonder.co.uk
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